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زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی)

حل تشریحی سوالات زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی) - کنکور ارشد مهندسی فناوری اطلاعات (IT) 1404

منوی آزمون (درس ها)

درباره آزمونزبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی)(25 سوال)دروس مشترک (ساختمان‌های گسسته، ساختمان داده‌ها، طراحی الگوریتم، مهندسی نرم‌افزار، شبکه‌های کامپیوتری)(30 سوال)اصول و مبانی مدیریت(20 سوال)دروس تخصصی مشترک(20 سوال)

سوالات زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی)

25 سوال
Directions: Choose the word or phrase (1), (2), (3), or (4) that best completes each sentence. Then mark the answer on your answer sheet.
1.

I have to say, I'm not particularly ......................... in my own understanding of the true nature of fear, even though I make my living drawing horror manga.

1)

mutual

2)

confident

3)

possible

4)

available

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2.

We must stop seeing nuclear ....................... as a dangerous problem and instead recognize it as a safe byproduct of carbon-free power.

1)

missile

2)

arsenal

3)

conflict

4)

waste

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3.

My father has always been .................. with his money. I didn't have to pay for college or even for the confused year I spent at Princeton taking graduate courses in sociology.

1)

generous

2)

associated

3)

content

4)

confronted

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4.

Even though a cease-fire, in place since Friday, has brought temporary ....................... from the bombardment, the threat the strikes will return leaves people displaced yet again.


1)

relief

2)

suspense

3)

rupture

4)

resolution

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5.

What you'll hear, often, is that you should ...................... your dream; follow your passion; quit your job and live the life you want.

1)

undermine

2)

partake

3)

pursue

4)

jeopardize

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6.

Nationwide, poor children and adolescents are participating far less in sports and fitness activities than their more ......................... peers.

1)

astute

2)

otiose

3)

impecunious

4)

affluent

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7.

It is said that "the El" did not meet the historic criteria for being registered, as it ......................... the view from the street of other historic buildings and because the structure generally downgraded he quality of life in the city.

1)

gentrified

2)

revamped

3)

impeded

4)

galvanized

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Directions: Read the following passage and decide which choice (1), (2), (3), or (4) best fits each space. Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. The first step in the process of becoming an Olympic sport is .........(8) a sport from the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC requires that the activity have sport. administration by an international nongovernmental organization that oversees at least one .........(9), it then moves to International Sports Federation (IF) status. At that point, the international organization administering the sport must enforce the World Anti-Doping Code, including conducting effective out-of-competition tests on the sport's competitors while maintaining rules .....(10) forth by the Olympic Charter.
8.

Directions: Read the following passage and decide which choice (1), (2), (3), or (4) best fits each space. Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet.

1)

to be a recognition as

2)

recognition as

3)

recognizing of

4)

recognizing

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9.

Directions: Read the following passage and decide which choice (1), (2), (3), or (4) best fits each space. Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet.

1)

For a sport be recognized

2)

Once a sport is recognized

3)

A sport be recognized

4)

A recognized sports

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10.

Directions: Read the following passage and decide which choice (1), (2), (3), or (4) best fits each space. Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet.

1)

set

2)

sets

3)

that set

4)

which to be set

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Directions: Read the following three passages and answer the questions by choosing the best choice (1), (2), (3), or (4). Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. PASSAGE 1: Machine learning is a technique in information technology which applies predefined algorithms and statistical models to enable A.I. systems to imitate the way humans perform cognitive tasks through learning from experience, without being explicitly programmed. It allows A.I. systems to analyze their own performance and gradually improve its accuracy. Essentially, it involves three main steps: processing input variables and collecting data; training a model on that data to identify patterns, and then using the model to make predictions on new data. The first example of machine learning is Arthur Samuel's checkers-playing program, developed in the late 1950s. This program used a form of algorithm that allowed it to learn from past games. It improved its performance by analyzing its own moves and outcomes, adapting its strategy over time through a process called "reinforcement learning." This early work laid the foundation for many machine learning techniques used today. One common application of machine learning is in email filtering. Email providers use machine learning algorithms to classify emails as spam or not spam. The system is trained on a dataset of emails that have been labeled as "spam" or "not spam." Over time, it learns to recognize features like specific words, phrases, or sender behaviors that are common in spam emails, allowing it to automatically filter out unwanted messages.
11.

The underlined word "its" in paragraph 2 refers to .........................

1)

performance

2)

program

3)

a form of algorithm

4)

strategy

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12.

The underlined word "adapting" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ...................

1)

increasing

2)

leaving

3)

sharing

4)

changing

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13.

According to paragraph 2, which of the following statements about Samuel is NOT true?

1)

He implemented an algorithm in the checkers-playing program which could improve its performance over time.

2)

His checkers-playing program could predict the results of new games based on the results of past games.

3)

He invented the first program that made use of the machine learning technique.

4)

He developed the checkers-playing program in about the mid-twentieth century.

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14.

All of the following words are mentioned in the passage EXСЕРТ ...................

1)

evolving

2)

analyzing

3)

cognitive

4)

unwanted

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15.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

1)

E-mail filtering systems rely only on their original fixed database to classify emails as spam and not-spam.

2)

The first machine learning techniques developed in the mid-20th century barely influenced future more advanced techniques.

3)

Machine learning is a method within information technology that greatly depends on direct and ongoing programming by specialists.

4)

The checkers-playing program and the E-mail filtering systems were similar in that both could learn from past moves to improve their performance.

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Claude Elwood Shannon (1916-2001) the American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer is known as the "father of information theory." He is credited alongside George Boole for laying the foundations of the "Information Age," and was one of the founding fathers of artificial intelligence. Shannon earned bachelor's degrees in both electrical engineering and mathematics. He pursued his graduate studies in mathematics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In his prize-winning master's thesis, he proposed a method for applying a mathematical form of logic called Boolean algebra to the design of relay switching circuits. This innovation, credited as the advance that revolutionized circuit design, remains the basis for circuit and chip design to this day. In 1941. Shannon took a position at Bell Labs, where he worked on secret communication systems, and built the system over which Roosevelt and Churchill communicated during the war. When the results of his work were finally de-classified and published in 1949, they revolutionized the field of cryptography. Understanding, before almost anyone, the power that springs from encoding information in a simple language of I's and 0's. Shannon wrote two papers at Bell Laboratories which still remain seminal in the fields of computer science and information theory. "Shannon was the person who saw that the binary digit was the fundamental element in all of communication," said Dr. Robert G. Gallager, a professor of electrical engineering who worked with Dr. Shannon at MIT. "That was really the discovery from which the whole communications revolution has sprung."
16.

The underlined word "pursued" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .......................

1)

received

2)

resumed

3)

followed

4)

admired

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17.

According to the passage, all of the following statements about Shannon are true EXCEPT that ..........................

1)

he considered binary digit the most fundamental element in artificial intelligence

2)

his work on secret communication systems was not published until 1949

3)

he had bachelor's degrees in electrical engineering and mathematics

4)

he is known as the "father of information theory"

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18.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

1)

Shannon coined the term binary digit which is a revolutionary factor in all forms of communication.

2)

George Boole and Shannon share the credit of laying the foundations of "Information Age."

3)

George Boole is credited as the father of cryptography among other things.

4)

Shannon proposed Boolean algebra in his master's thesis written at MIT.

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19.

Which of the following best shows the writer's overall tone in the passage?

1)

Ambivalent

2)

Indignant

3)

Ironic

4)

Objective

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20.

The passage provides sufficient information to answer which of the following questions?

I. What is a factor that can be said to have been a cause for communications revolution?

II. How is Boolean algebra applied to the design of relay switching circuits?

III. In which year were the two papers that Shannon wrote in Bell Labs published?

1)

I and II

2)

I and III

3)

Only I

4)

Only III

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The potential of A.I. in creative writing is truly exciting and multifaceted. A.I. assists writers in brainstorming, generating a vast array of ideas, prompts, and themes, and serves as a wellspring for writers facing blocks, or seeking fresh perspectives. It can also generate plot outlines, character descriptions and dialogue, thus providing a foundation for writers to build upon. [1] On a more advanced level, A.I. can push the boundaries of traditional literature by combining elements of different genres in innovative ways and produce hybrid genres. Moreover, A.I. can analyze reader preferences and tailor stories accordingly, creating personalized narratives that resonate deeply with individuals. It can even be applied to create interactive stories where readers make choices that influence the plot as they wish. This experimentation can lead to new literary forms and experiences. [2] A.l.'s role in novel writing has sparked a lot of interest and debate. Today, Α.Ι. acts as a coauthor collaborating with human writers. The first novel primarily written by A.I. is often considered to be "the Road," which was a combination of machine learning and human input. It was created by "Arria." an A.I. program and developed by the writer Ross Goodwin. The narrative is a surreal reflection on a road trip in 2017. [3] An earlier example is "The Day a Computer Writes a Novel." This is not a novel proper: rather, it refers to a specific project conducted by Hitoshi Matsubara in which an A.I. called "K" wrote a short story that was submitted to a literary contest, raising questions about creativity and authorship. While the work itself has been frequently discussed and analyzed, it hasn't been published as a standalone book. These works showcase the potential of A.I. in creative writing and highlight the collaborative nature of human and machine creativity. [4]
21.

All the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as ways A.I. can assist writers EXCEPT ...................

1)

brainstorming ideas

2)

generating dialogue

3)

suggesting prompts

4)

proofreading

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22.

Which of the following techniques is used in paragraph 2?

1)

Appeal to authority

2)

Cause and effect

3)


4)

Rhetorical question

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23.

According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT that ...................

1)

"The Day a Computer Writes a Novel" was published in 2018

2)

A.I. is able to combine elements of various genres to create hybrid genres

3)

A.I. can create personalized narratives according to the taste and preferences of readers

4)

in interactive novels, readers can influence the plot by making choices of their own

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24.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

1)

"The Day a Computer Writes a Novel" is an experimental novel written by Hitoshi Matsubara.

2)

Arria created the first purely A.I. novel without any human inputs, showcasing the potential of A.1. to surpass humans in creative writing.

3)

There are signs of the promising potential of A.I. in creative writing, emphasizing the collaborative relationship between human and machine creativity.

4)

"The Road" is the first A.I. novel that was submitted to a literary contest, winning a prize and unsettling the literary community on account of its authenticity and literary merit.

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25.

In which position marked by [1], [2], [3] or [4], can the following sentence best be inserted in the passage?

It combines various themes and writing styles and was published in 2018.

1)

[4]

2)

[3]

3)

[2]

4)

[1]

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