حل تشریحی سوال شماره 20 زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی)

Claude Elwood Shannon (1916-2001) the American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer is known as the "father of information theory." He is credited alongside George Boole for laying the foundations of the "Information Age," and was one of the founding fathers of artificial intelligence. Shannon earned bachelor's degrees in both electrical engineering and mathematics. He pursued his graduate studies in mathematics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In his prize-winning master's thesis, he proposed a method for applying a mathematical form of logic called Boolean algebra to the design of relay switching circuits. This innovation, credited as the advance that revolutionized circuit design, remains the basis for circuit and chip design to this day. In 1941. Shannon took a position at Bell Labs, where he worked on secret communication systems, and built the system over which Roosevelt and Churchill communicated during the war. When the results of his work were finally de-classified and published in 1949, they revolutionized the field of cryptography. Understanding, before almost anyone, the power that springs from encoding information in a simple language of I's and 0's. Shannon wrote two papers at Bell Laboratories which still remain seminal in the fields of computer science and information theory. "Shannon was the person who saw that the binary digit was the fundamental element in all of communication," said Dr. Robert G. Gallager, a professor of electrical engineering who worked with Dr. Shannon at MIT. "That was really the discovery from which the whole communications revolution has sprung."