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زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی)

حل تشریحی سوالات زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی) - کنکور ارشد مهندسی فناوری اطلاعات (IT) 1402

منوی آزمون (درس ها)

درباره آزمونزبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی)(25 سوال)دروس مشترک(30 سوال)اصول و مبانی مدیریت(20 سوال)مجموعه دروس تخصصی مشترک(20 سوال)

سوالات زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی)

25 سوال
Directions: Choose the word or phrase (1), (2), (3), or (4) that best completes each sentence. Then mark the answer on your answer sheet.
1.

When you ...................... a meeting, it is important to speak clearly, confidently and at a good pace.

1)

assess

2)

propagate

3)

address

4)

impress

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2.

People like the newly proposed system, but because of the costs involved we do not believe it is ......................., and we need to look for other options.

1)

compliant

2)

defensive

3)

ingenuous

4)

viable

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3.

The country in question is very poor, and one in seven children dies in ...................... .

1)

infancy

2)

nutrition

3)

malfunction

4)

mortality

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4.

I don't consider myself to be particularly ....................., but when I'm given a job, I make sure it gets done.

1)

industrious

2)

spontaneous

3)

risky

4)

unexceptional

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5.

The new airliner is more environmentally-friendly than other aircraft, its only ...................... being its limited flying range.

1)

demand

2)

drawback

3)

controversy

4)

attribute

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6.

The celebrity will .................... assistance from the police to keep stalkers away from his property.


1)

extend

2)

invoke

3)

absolve

4)

withdraw

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7.

When plates in the Earth's crust slide or grind against one another, an earthquake with devastating consequences may be .......................... .

1)

derived

2)

surpassed

3)

triggered

4)

traced

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Directions: Read the following passage and decide which choice (1), (2), (3), or (4) best fits each space. Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. The new species was named Maiacetus inuus, which means "mother whale." (8)....................... in the family Protocetidae. Assignment to a new species was justified due to critical differences from other protocetid whales, such as solidly co-ossified left and right dentaries (lower jaws), (9) .............................. in the ankle, and significant disparity in hind limb elements. The fossils show (10) ......................... this new species' length is unimpressive relative to some extant (living) whales but still, Maiacetus inuus measures a respectable 2.6 meters
8.

Directions: Read the following passage and decide which choice (1), (2), (3), or (4) best fits each space. Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet.

1)

placed

2)

that placed

3)

was placed

4)

and was placed

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9.

Directions: Read the following passage and decide which choice (1), (2), (3), or (4) best fits each space. Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet.

1)

there were variations

2)

varying

3)

variations

4)

which varied

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10.

Directions: Read the following passage and decide which choice (1), (2), (3), or (4) best fits each space. Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet.

1)

when

2)

that

3)

although

4)

for

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Directions: Read the following three passages and answer the questions by choosing the best choice (1), (2), (3), or (4). Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. PASSAGE 1: Automobile accidents occur with a certain degree of randomness, and it is expected that they will be very difficult to predict on an individual-policy basis. Previous research has shown that an underwriter's ability to predict the actual value of a paid claim is exceedingly difficult, if possible at all. However, a successful system needs only to predict the incident (occurrence) of a loss, not the dollar value. In addition, a successful model would not have to predict each and every accident, as long as the predictions that the model makes are accurate. In fact, a new model needs only to outperform any current models, in order to prove itself worthwhile. As an industry rule-of-thumb, the average loss-to-gross-premium ratio is approximately 60%. The rest of the collected premium is used to pay operating expenses and a small profit of approximately 3%. Thus, if a new model could reduce losses by 1%, it would represent a 33% increase in operating profit. If a corresponding decrease in operating expenses such as loss-adjustment expenses is incurred, the operating profit could be increased by as much as 53%. This in itself is not a justification for using artificial neural networks, but it is enough incentive to try nontraditional techniques. While it is theoretically possible for a computer program to handle the underwriting function, a reliable model has not yet been developed. Aside from the practical development, the human-side must also be considered. It will take time for society, insurance regulators, and the insurance industry to understand and accept a computer- based underwriting model. The development of a computer-based model that might aid the underwriter in the decision making process will be a good first step. An artificial neural network as an underwriter's tool could be used in several ways "to confirm an underwriter's decision; to provide a suggested course of action; or to handle routine policies, allowing the underwriter to spend more time on more complex policies. While there may be many methods of designing such a tool, the author believes that artificial neural networks hold the greatest likelihood of success."
11.

The passage primarily discusses ....................... .

1)

the insurance industry and the challenges that it faces

2)

an artificial neural network model as an underwriter's tool.

3)

previous research on an underwriter's prediction ability

4)

the randomness of automobile accidents

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12.

Which of the following is expected from a successful underwriting system?

1)

Predicting the dollar value of a loss.

2)

Predicting the exact number of accidents.

3)

Making predictions about the occurrence of a loss.

4)

Making accurate predictions about the actual value of a paid claim.

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13.

It can be understood from paragraph 1 that the money paid for operating expenses is approximately ....................... of the collected premium.

1)

%37

2)

%40

3)

%47

4)

%63

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14.

According to paragraph 2, performing the whole underwriting function by a computer program ......................... .

1)

is not theoretically possible yet

2)

has been tested a number of times in the past

3)

is a goal that insurance regulators wish to achieve

4)

is not easily accepted by society at the moment

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15.

The word "likelihood" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .......................... .

1)

possibility

2)

approval

3)

flexibility

4)

tendency

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Cloud-based software offers companies from all sectors a number of benefits, including the ability to use software from any device either via a native app or a browser. As a result, users can carry their files and settings over to other devices in a completely seamless manner. Cloud computing is far more than just accessing files on multiple devices. Thanks to cloud computing services, users can check their email on any computer and even store files using services such as Dropbox and Google Drive. Cloud computing services also make it possible for users to back up their music, files, and photos, ensuring those files are immediately available in the event of a hard drive crash. It also offers big businesses huge cost-saving potential. Before the cloud became a viable alternative, companies were required to purchase, construct, and maintain costly information management technology and infrastructure. Companies can swap costly server centers and IT departments for fast Internet connections, where employees interact with the cloud online to complete their tasks. The cloud structure allows individuals to save storage space on their desktops or laptops. It also lets users upgrade software more quickly because software companies can offer their products via the web rather than through more traditional, tangible methods involving dises or flash drives. For example, Adobe customers can access applications in its Creative Suite through an Internet-based subscription. This allows users to download new versions and fixes to their programs easily. With all of the speed, efficiencies, and innovations that come with cloud computing, there are, naturally, risks.
16.

Cloud computing is ......................... .

1)

availability of computer system resources with direct active management by the users

2)

saving files to a database and retrieving them on demand

3)

just accessing files on multiple devices everywhere

4)

installing various applications on our own local devices

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17.

The word "viable" in paragraph 3 can be substituted by ......................... .

1)

obvious

2)

novel

3)

unique

4)

usable

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18.

The cloud structure allows users to replace the version of their sofwares with the latest ones ........................... .

1)

by providing them via the Internet

2)

via conventional and concrete methods

3)

by offering them new discs or flash drives

4)

automatically by upgrading their systems

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19.

Cloud-based software offers users all of the following EXCEPT .................... .

1)

high speed

2)

cost-efficiency

3)

excellent accessibility

4)

the most amount of security

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20.

What is the paragraph immediately following this passage most likely to discuss?

1)

Maintaining the apps and data on the cloud

2)

Understanding cloud computing

3)

The disadvantages of the cloud computing

4)

Types of cloud computing

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An optical character recognition (OCR) system enables a user to feed an article directly into an electronic computer file and translate the optically scanned bitmaps of text characters into machine-readable codes; that is. ASCII, Chinese GB, as well as Big5 codes, and then edits it by using a word processor. OCR is hence being employed by libraries to digitize and preserve their holdings. Billions of letters are sorted every day by OCR machines, which can considerably speed up mail delivery. The techniques of OCR can be divided into two approaches: template matching and structure analysis. The template matching approach is to reduce the complexity of matching by projecting from two-dimensional information onto one; the structure analysis approach is to analyze the variation of shapes of characters. The template matching approach is only suitable for recognizing printed characters; however, the structure analysis approach can be applied to recognize handwritten characters. Several OCR techniques have been proposed, based on statistical, matching, transform and shape features. Recently, integrated OCR systems have been proposed, and they take advantage of specific character-driven hardware implementations. OCR generally involves four discrete processes.
21.

The main purpose of the first paragraph is to ................................. .

1)

clarify what characters can be turned into machine-readable codes

2)

explain why letters are sorted by OCR machines

3)

describe the function of OCR systems

4)

name different types of OCR systems

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22.

The word "which" in paragraph 1 refers to ........................ .

1)

billions of letters being sorted everyday by OCR machines

2)

speeding up mail delivery

3)

OCR machines

4)

letters

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23.

It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that ......................... .

1)

the structure analysis approach works by analyzing three-dimensional information

2)

the template matching approach has an advantage over the structure analysis approach

3)

printed characters cannot be analyzed by the structure analysis apporach

4)

the template matching approach is restricted in its application

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24.

Why does the author mention "character-driven hardware implementations" in the last paragraph?

1)

To discuss the advantages that they offer.

2)

To clarify how integrated OCR systems work.

3)

To explain why integrated OCR systems are a recent phenomenon.

4)

To indicate what type of hardware implementation is utilized by various OCR technique.

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25.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

1)

Hand-written characters can be translated through the structure analysis approach.

2)

Integrated OCR systems were used by the first generation of OCR machines.

3)

Some OCR techniques are primarily based on statistical features.

4)

It can be stated that OCR has four processes.

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