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مهندسی کامپیوتر - نرم افزار
زبان انگلیسی - عمومی

حل تشریحی سوالات زبان انگلیسی - عمومی - کنکور دکتری زبان انگلیسی عمومی 1403

منوی آزمون (درس ها)

درباره آزمونزبان انگلیسی - عمومی(40 سوال)

سوالات زبان انگلیسی - عمومی

40 سوال
1.

............................... you could change the laws of nature, what would you change?

1)

Although

2)

But

3)

If

4)

That

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2.

In painting, one of the easiest ways to get started to ........................... color something simple.

1)

is

2)

are having

3)

being

4)

have been

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3.

I have heard that this movie is ........................... a true story dating back to the 19th century.

1)

because

2)

based on

3)

despite of

4)

draw on

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4.

Mark Smith and Sir Martin Drake, Secretary to the King, ......................... many letters.

1)

exchanging

2)

exchanged

3)

that exchanged

4)

were exchanged

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5.

In debates over climate change, the short-lived greenhouse gas is typically upstaged by carbon dioxide, .......................... hangs around the atmosphere for hundreds of years.

1)

who

2)

where

3)

whose

4)

which

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6.

The task force ........................... informed these people about the dangers and the effects of COVID-19, but it unfortunately did not.


1)

should have

2)

will be

3)

would be

4)

had

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7.

Tony Jackson, the team's first-year coach, is ........................ that he makes other perfectionists look careless.

1)

such meticulous

2)

very meticulous

3)

so meticulous

4)

too meticulous

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8.

If you have made as many enemies ..........................., you'd want to stay in power for ever, particularly in a volatile region like South America.

1)

as does he

2)

like as such

3)

like would he

4)

as he has

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9.

........................... an economic downturn, the world's CEOs remain focused on seismic, long­ term shifts within their businesses.


1)

When the braces at

2)

While braced for

3)

While bracing to

4)

When braced

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10.

It is not ........................... unanimous approval is needed for an extension, will agree.

1)

a given that EU leaders, whose

2)

whom is given that EU leaders'

3)

a fact given by EU leaders that their

4)

given the fact that of EU leaders, their

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11.

Most cash-strapped payers would ..................... the often sub-50% compliance rates for existing treatments than pay for a new, more expensive drug that may offer only incremental benefit.

1)

prefer forking out a technology, showing improvement in

2)

prefer forking out for a technology, which it improves

3)

rather fork out for a technology shown to improve

4)

rather a technology forked out that improve

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12.

Global temperatures ................. human-caused warming and a climate pattern known as El Nino, forecasters at the World Meteorological Organization said on Wednesday.

1)

that will likely soar to high records in the next five years, driving

2)

which tend soaring to high records in the next five years, drove by

3)

are likely to soar to record highs over the next five years, driven by

4)

are likely soaring to record highs over the next five years, that drive

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13.

........................... the point I was trying to make: that loneliness is a serious problem and that other countries are beginning to tackle it in ways that the U.S. should learn from.

1)

Given the fact that the column, striking such a chord with readers, underscored

2)

The fact that the column struck such a chord with readers underscored

3)

The column striking such a chord with readers that it underscored

4)

That the column struck such a chord with readers, underscoring

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14.

They have not yet delivered the robust economic expansion that normally follows recession,............................... the crisis in 2007-2008.

1)

neither have them put much of a dent in the debt burdens which sets off

2)

and have they not put much of a dent in the debt burdens setting off

3)

nor have they put much of a dent in the debt burdens that set off

4)

they have nor put much of a dent in the debt burdens to set off

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15.

If you want to see the main commercial and business area of Tehran, you should go to the city .......................... .

1)

center

2)

identity

3)

address

4)

audience

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16.

The two leaders agreed to attend a face-to-face meeting in order to ........................... social and political developments.

1)

suffer

2)

miss

3)

guess

4)

discuss

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17.

During Tuesday's meeting, the two politicians signed a new .................................. agreement that calls for closer cooperation in defense and security.


1)

strategic

2)

mental

3)

several

4)

crowded

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18.

fter the car ............................. , he is not able to walk and therefore needs a wheelchair to move around.

1)

park

2)

accident

3)

repair

4)

vehicle

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19.

She is ...................... and knowledgeable reporter who has traveled to several countries.

1)

an extreme

2)

a separate

3)

a confused

4)

an experienced

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20.

We all have a responsibility, ...................... and collectively, to be part of this titanic struggle for the renewal and rebirth of our continent.

1)

formerly

2)

theoretically

3)

individually

4)

scarcely

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21.

True ................................ is the desire to be useful to others with no thought of any reward.

1)

charity

2)

departure

3)

solemnity

4)

contemplation

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22.

In the ocean, water waves refract when they travel from deep water to ....................... water-or vice versa.

1)

uncharted

2)

potable

3)

shallow

4)

excess

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23.

When cooking the sauce, don't forget that all-important .........................., fresh onion.

1)

potion

2)

desert

3)

combination

4)

ingredient

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24.

The conservative newspapers have tended to .......................... the extent of the problem.

1)

solve

2)

donate

3)

distract

4)

understate

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25.

An itch may be a common phenomenon, but science has barely begun to ............................ the surface of why an itch itches, and how to make it stop.


1)

illuminate

2)

scratch

3)

clarify

4)

caress

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26.

Unfortunately, some of the functions seem to be written with a fairly ....................... disregard for efficiency.

1)

reckless

2)

felicitous

3)

debilitated

4)

seasonable

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27.

Several major opportunities to cross-reference information were ......................... during the production of this encyclopedia and that means its value as a research tool is limited.

1)

mandated

2)

materialized

3)

squandered

4)

vindicated

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28.

Though Russia has refused to repatriate to Germany and other countries works of art and archeological treasures, President Boris Yeltsin, in a ...................... gesture, has returned cultural and diplomatic archives to Germany.

1)

rapacious

2)

propitiatory

3)

misogynistic

4)

pileous

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29.

During the boisterous late-night vote sessions that would eventually elect McCormick as speaker back in June, Mandy sat dutifully by the podium in the House chamber, taking notes and avoiding the schoolyard ............................... going on all around her.

1)

pellucidity

2)

placidity

3)

attenuation

4)

fracas

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30.

The critics who exhausted the language of ......................... during her presidency, should have exercised restraint and, instead of denigrating her, provided her with constructive criticism.

1)

fulmination

2)

equivocation

3)

ataraxia

4)

panache

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31.

The word "persistently" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ..................... .

1)

deliberately

2)

occasionally

3)

unfortunately

4)

continuously

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PART C: Reading Comprehension Directions: Read the following two passages and answer the questions by choosing the best choice (1), (2), (3), or (4). Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. PASSAGE 1: Humans persistently fail to live up to the ideal of rationality. We make common errors in our decision-making processes and are easily influenced by irrelevant details. And when we rush to a decision without reasoning through all the evidence, we call this trusting our intuition. We used to think the absence of such human quirks made computers better, but recent research in cognitive science tells us otherwise. Humans appear to have two complementary decision-making processes, one slow, deliberate and mostly rational, the other fast, impulsive, and able to match the present situation to prior experience, enabling us to reach a quick conclusion. This latter mode seems to be key to making human intelligence so effective. While it is deliberative and sound, the rational part requires more time and energy. Imagine that an oncoming car starts to drift into your lane; you need to act immediately: sound the horn, hit the brakes, or swerve, rather than start a lengthy computation that would determine the optimal but possibly belated act. Such shortcuts are also beneficial when there is no emergency. Expend too much brain power computing the optimal solution to details like whether to wear the dark blue or the midnight blue shirt, and you'll quickly run out of time and energy for the important decisions. So should Artificial Intelligence (AI) incorporate an intuitive component? Indeed, many modern AI systems do have two parts, one that reacts instantly to the situation, and one that does more deliberative reasoning. Some robots, equipped with computers, have an intuitive component built with a "subsumption" architecture, in which the lowest layers of the system are purely reactive, and higher levels serve to inhibit the reactions and organize more goal-directed behavior. This approach has proved to be useful, for example, for getting a legged robot to walk through rough terrain, to name one particularly fascinating and promising development.
32.

The underlined phrase "this latter mode" in paragraph 1 refers to the .................... .

1)

dualistic mode

2)

deliberate mode

3)

intuitive mode

4)

rational mode

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33.

Which of the following best describes the author's attitude to the installation of an intuitive component in AI?

1)

Approving

2)

Ironic

3)

Disapproving

4)

Frustrated

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34.

What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss?

1)

The merits of the deliberative part of the brain

2)

The significance of intuition for humans in different situations

3)

The evolution of one of the complementary modes of the human brain

4)

The way the human brain makes a decision to respond to an emergency

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35.

The passage provides sufficient information to answer which of the following questions?

I. How much more energy does the human brain's rational part require compared with the intuitive part?

II. Is the function of the intuitive decision-making process confined only to urgent situations?

III. What are the chances of an apocalyptic scenario being realized, where AI robots enslave mankind?


1)

OnlyI

2)

Only II

3)

Only III

4)


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PASSAGE 2: There is no thorough study of English Orientalism during the Romantic Age comparable to Samuel Chew's treatment of Islam in English literature of the Renaissance or Martha P. Conant's study of the Oriental tale in English literature of the eighteenth century. Contributions to such a study have of course been made: Edna Osborne's "Oriental Diction and Theme in English Verse 1740-1840," Wallace C. Brown's several articles on the Near East in English literature of about the same period, and Harold Wiener's analysis of Byron's "Turkish Tales." The present article is concerned primarily with the Persian element in that Oriental complex-a limitation which is perhaps justified by the pre-eminence of Persian poetry over the poetry of other Asiatic nations as an influence upon English literature of this period. What distinguishes the Orientalism of the Romantic Age from the earlier manifestations is that the last quarter of the eighteenth century saw the establishment, in England, of a genuine, firsthand study of the languages of Persia, Arabia, Turkey, and India. This enabled English writers to deal with original Oriental works, or at least with direct translations of them into English. By contrast, the Renaissance Englishman had known of the East almost exclusively through travel books written by men unfamiliar with the languages of the countries they visited. The early Enlightenment had learned about the literature of Asia, to be sure, but only by way of French and Latin versions of it, or through imitations of those versions inspired by the success of Galland's translation of the Arabian Nights. The true beginnings of Oriental studies in England are to be found in the work of Sir William Jones from about 1770 to his death in 1794, and in the uses to which his philological and literary researches were put by the agents of the East India Company when that enterprise was brought more closely under the British Crown by the India Act of 1784. The interrelation of Jones' s at first academic linguistic studies with the practical application of them following the change of status of the Indian empire is well illustrated by the different fate that befell the Oriental investigations of Thomas Gray a generation earlier. Shortly after the year 1755, Gray had written a pair of essays on India and Persia, based upon such Oriental learning as could then be garnered from the European languages, both ancient and modern. But these essays were not published until 1814.
36.

The underlined word "exclusively" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ................ .


1)

alternatively

2)

potentially

3)

solely

4)

surprisingly

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37.

According to the passage, which of the following figures was a translator?

1)

Galland

2)

Byron

3)

Thomas Gray

4)

Wallace C. Brown

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38.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true?

1)

Scholarship is silent on the subject of English Orientalism during the Romantic Age.

2)

Edna Osborne's work is an important piece written about English poetry, in which she studied her contemporary 18th-century English poets.

3)

Martha P. Conant's study of the Oriental tale in English literature is one of the two most important works regarding English Orientalism during the Romantic period.

4)

Compared with the topic of Islam in English literature of the Renaissance, English Orientalism during the Romantic Age is a relatively under-addressed subject.

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39.

Which of the following factors best justifies the article's limited scope, mentioned in paragraph 1?

1)

The inadequacy of present scholarship, and the availability of new resources for research

2)

The comparatively significant role of Persian poetry as an influence on English literature in the Romantic period

3)

The new possibilities that opened up before oriental scholars to pursue their interests in academic spheres in an unprecedented manner

4)

The newly-found evidence of the interaction between oriental and occidental scholars

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40.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

1)

Thomas Gray wrote a pair of essays on India and Persia after 1755, which were published posthumously in 1814, under the supervision of Sir William Jones.

2)

Sir William Jones's study was, in a sense, a turning point in oriental studies on account of his philological and literary researches in the second half of the 17th century.

3)

Inspired by the Latin and French translations of the Arabian Nights, a series of tales emerged in Europe during the enlightenment, which brought together different themes from European literary tradition.

4)

What makes the Orientalism of the Romantic Age distinct from its previous counterparts is a factor as a result of which English writers' experience of original Oriental works in this period was less mediated by translation.


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