حل تشریحی سوال شماره 22 زبان انگلیسی - عمومی

Passage 1: Good work-life balance has been found beneficial for businesses because it can reduce absenteeism, increase job satisfaction, promote better job autonomy, attract talents, improve employee retention, improve employee attitudes and behaviors, and improve productivity. Despite these benefits, the construction industry is still known for its poor work-life balance. For example, the average number of hours worked in the construction industry was 62.5 among site-based project staff, 56.1 among office-based project staff, and 49.0 among head or regional office staff, far longer than the typical 38-hour working week in Australia. The male-dominated nature of the construction industry makes the culture of 'work hard and play hard' the norm of the industry. The industry is also highly competitive, forcing construction organizations to reduce their labor cost, operate with low profit margin, and work with unreasonable time constraints. This culture in the Australian construction industry drives employees to work longer hours than contractually obligated. The work-life balance of employees in the construction industry has been sacrificed for a large salary award, which has led to serious relationship strains and mental health issues, such as suicide and burnout. Despite the efforts to implement work-life balance strategies and initiatives, the work-life balance in the industry remains poor because of a lack of enforcement and the industry culture. Previous research has identified factors that can affect work-life balance. Technology development has given individuals a greater sense of mobility in their daily lives. This increased mobility and interconnectedness has enabled the workforce to become more itinerant, thus allowing individuals to work from home, communicate while in transit, and be available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Technology has the potential to improve work-life balance. For example, parents can complete work from home, thus allowing individuals to start a family, while undertaking the majority of work roles and responsibilities on one mobile device. This offers greater flexibility to individuals than traditional office-based personnel and helps individuals manage both work and life commitments with greater ease.