حل تشریحی سوال شماره 18 زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی)

Directions: Read the following three passages and answer the questions by choosing the best choice (1), (2), (3), or (4). Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. PASSAGE 1: Researchers are working on different fronts to make AI more sustainable. For example, as much of the energy usage by Al models occurs during the so-called "training" phase, reducing the need for massive amounts of training data directly translates into energy savings. This is an area that scientists are currently looking into. One approach involves selecting only the most relevant data for training, or efficiently adapting existing models for a new task, which significantly reduces the cost of training a model. In other words, instead of training the AI system on a massive web of information, researchers may choose to use only select articles relevant to what the system is being used for. This can help to reduce defects, design time and downtime for advanced manufacturing and engineering environments. Another area that researchers are looking into under the program relates to edge computing, which refers to computing or data storage that is performed at or near the source of the data. Combining AI into edge devices such as lightweight mobile devices or sensors that generate and record data within the infrastructure - reduces the reliance on cloud services for data processing, allowing such devices to deliver better data security, faster computing and insights, with greater efficiency. Another promising area in AI and computing research is neuromorphic computing, which is inspired by the workings of the brain. The technology uses networks that mimic the workings of the human brain and nervous system. By replicating the flexibility, resilience and energy efficiency of a human brain, neuromorphic architecture aims to overcome the energy-intensive nature of current models of computing and develop better Al.